The key resource and driving force of the economy at this stage of society’s development is a person and his or her labor force, which is defined by modern economists as human capital. Given the current war, there is a significant risk of losing and deteriorating the expertise of specialists who have been trained in Ukraine. The article aims to identify the prerequisites, factors, and peculiarities of the situation concerning the preservation of human capital in Ukraine in the context of Russia’s military aggression. In the course of the research, analytical and bibliographic method was employed to study the scientific literature on the formation, change, and preservation of human capital in the country. Induction, deduction, analysis, synthesis of information, system-structural, comparative, logical, and linguistic methods, abstraction, and idealization were applied to study and process data. Moreover, the authors conducted an online

survey using a questionnaire to identify the most important issues related to changes in the quality and quantity of human capital in the state during the war. Following the results of the study, the main theoretical aspects of the problem of the formation and preservation of human capital were identified. Moreover, the opinion of demographic scientists and specialists of state and local authorities working

with migrants and internally displaced persons on key aspects of this issue was studied.

Highlights

• The key resource and driving force of the economy at this stage of society’s development is a person and his or her labor force, which is defined by modern economists as human capital. Given the current war, there is a significant risk of losing and deteriorating the expertise of specialists who have been trained in Ukraine.